Industrial

The measuring instrument called a potentiometer is essentially a voltage divider used for measuring electric potential (voltage); the component is an implementation of the same principle, hence its name. To answer the question of what is linear potentiometer, first, let us see what are the different parts of this potentiometer. A linear taper potentiometer is usually made up of three pins that adjust to a flow of voltage, and produce a regulated voltage output relevant to its sliding components. Parallel circuits are similar to the smaller blood veins that branch off from an artery and then join in a vessel to return blood to the heart. Now imagine two wires, each as an artery and a vein, that are connected to each other with some smaller wires. These smaller wires have the same voltages applied to them, but different amounts of current flow through them based on the individual wires’ resistance. A circuit composed solely of components connected in series is known as a series circuit; ...

 linear potentiometer A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a variable resistor or rheostat. Linear potentiometer s have unique features to ensure long trouble-free life in the harshest of environments from motorsport to structural monitoring, from measuring linear position or displacement in a wide variety and broad range of manufacturing and process equipment.  Series and parallel circuits Two-terminal components and electrical networks can be connected in series or parallel. The resulting electrical network will have two terminals and can participate in a series or parallel topology. Whether a two-terminal "object" is an electrical component or an electrical network is a matter of perspective. This article will use "component" to refer to a two-terminal "object" that participates in the series/parallel net...

 Turbines actually act as converters. They convert wind or sea energy into electrical energy and are considered as an alternative to non-renewable resources. There are different types of turbines, such as Impulse Turbine, wind turbine, etc. Impulse Turbine In these turbines, the static pressure inside the runner is constant, and the turbine runner is at atmospheric pressure. The runner spins in the air, and the fluid is sprayed to the blades through the nozzle to exchange energy with the turbine. A jet nozzle or a series of nozzles directs the high-speed flow to the blades, which are usually in the shape of buckets or cups. Therefore, only pressure changes occur in the nozzles. In the case of steam turbines, such as would be used for marine applications or for land-based electricity generation, a Parsons-type reaction turbine would require approximately double the number of blade rows as a de Laval-type impulse turbine, for the same degree of thermal energy conversion. Francis Turb...

You must have heard the name of the turbine by now, and when you hear the name of the turbine, you will see a picture of turbines that move with the wind. But there are different types of turbines, one of which is wind turbines, such as Hydrokinetic Turbine , Kaplan Turbine, Francis Turbine, Impulse Turbine. In this article, we will introduce several types of turbines. Hydrokinetic Turbines Hydrokinetic Turbines include clean sources of renewable energy that significantly reduce the carbon emissions of off-grid sites, especially when relying on diesel fuel. Hydrokinetic turbines produce a base load for the microgrid power systems. The portability of the system reduces the need for costly infrastructure. read more Francis Turbine The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine. It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today and can achieve over 95% efficiency. These turbines can be used...

 Centrifugal Compressor is one of the types of compressors. In this post, we talked about how it works, its types, and comparing it with several other compressors. The radial compressor is also called a centrifugal compressor. This kind of dynamic compressor has a radial design. They operate at constant pressure and any changes in the external conditions will affect the performance of these compressors. Centrifugal compressors, sometimes called radial compressors, are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery. They achieve a pressure rise by adding kinetic energy/velocity to a continuous flow of fluid through the rotor or impeller.   Types of  Centrifugal Compressor Multi-Stage Compressor Multi-stage compressors are among different types of centrifugal compressors. As the name suggests, this compressor has been designed to pass the gas through multiple stages for diverse purposes. Multi-stage compressors are used when a single-stage compressor...

 In this article, we will introduce several types of compressors and explain the differences between them. Stay with us. First we introduce the Centrifugal Compressor and then we review the Centrifugal Compressor Work . We will also introduce the types of Centrifugal Compressor. A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor. Compressors are similar to pumps: both increase the pressure on a fluid and both can transport the fluid through a pipe.  Centrifugal compressors, sometimes called radial compressors, are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery . Centrifugal compressors are considered as a dynamic compressor type that has a radial design.  These compressors work with a constant pressure unlike the ones working at a constant flow. Plus, any changes in the external conditions affect the performance. Types of Centrifugal Compressor Centrifug...

 The motor is one of the most important parts of electrical equipment. There are different types of engines and we have talked about them in previous articles. In this article, we will talk about Induction Motor and examine one of its types. An induction motor or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding. An induction motor can therefore be made without electrical connections to the rotor. An induction motor's rotor can be either wound type or squirrel-cage type. based on the construction and starting method, the single-phase induction motor is categorized into the four types of Split Phase, Capacitor Start, Capacitor Start Capacitor Run, and Shaded Pole. In the following sections, we will elaborate on each of these types of single-phase induction motors. A commutator is a rotary electrical switch in some motors that supplies cu...

 In previous articles, we talked about the types of engines. In this article, we will introduce and review Single-Phase Induction Motor, Commutator Motors, and also Types of Induction Motor . Join us and read this article. Induction motor An induction motor or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding. There are mainly two types of induction motor. This classification is based on what power supply induction motors are fed with. Single-phase induction motors and three-phase induction motors are the two main types of induction motors.  One of the types of induction motors is single-phase induction motor . The two main components of the single-phase induction motor are the stator and rotor. As you may know and  perceive from the name, the Stator is the stationary part of this motor. On the other hand, the rotor is t...

We are going to talk about Differences Between Motor and Engine. We will first define the engine.  A motor capacitor, such as a start capacitor or run capacitor  is an electrical capacitor that alters the current to one or more windings of a single-phase alternating-current induction motor to create a rotating magnetic field. “Motor” is originated in the Classical Latin movere, “to move.” It first mentioned the propulsive force, and later, to the person or system that moved something or caused the movement. The word engine derives from Old French engin, from the Latin ingenium–the root of the word ingenious. Pre-industrial weapons of war, such as catapults, trebuchets and battering rams, were called siege engines, and knowledge of how to construct them was often treated as a military secret. The word gin, as in cotton gin, is short for engine. “Engine” is from the Latin root: mental powers, character, intellect, talent, or cleverness.  A Capacitor Start Motors is a single...

 In this post, we want to talk about Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors and Capacitor Start Induction Motor. After introducing and reviewing each, we will examine the difference between motor and engine . Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors First, we define the synchronous motor . A synchronous electric motor is an AC motor in which, at steady state, the rotation of the shaft is synchronized with the frequency of the supply current; the rotation period is exactly equal to an integral number of AC cycles.  The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is an AC synchronous motor whose field excitation is provided by permanent magnets. The permanent magnet synchronous motors are very efficient, brushless, very fast, safe, and give a high dynamic performance. Due to their advantages, permanent synchronous motors have many applications and find use in several fields. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is brushless and has very high reliability and efficiency. Due to...

 A plate heat exchanger is used to transfer heat energy from one fluid to another. These fluids never encounter each other due to being separated by the heat exchanger. A plate heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that uses metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids. This has a major advantage over a conventional heat exchanger in that the fluids are exposed to a much larger surface area because the fluids are spread out over the plates. Different types of plate heat exchanger have many potential applications. This includes pasteurizers, beverage processing, connectors between chillers, boilers, and cooling towers, and other process engineering applications. The plates are often spaced by rubber sealing gaskets which are cemented into a section around the edge of the plates. The plates are pressed to form troughs at right angles to the direction of flow of the liquid which runs through the channels in the heat exchanger.  The corrugation on the plates drives t...

In this article, we are going to talk about Surface Heat Exchanger and Plate Heat Exchanger . First, we give a brief definition of both, then we examine the types and components of each and how each works. Read this article to the end.  Plate Heat Exchanger As defined by Wikipedia : A plate heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that uses metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids. This has a major advantage over a conventional heat exchanger in that the fluids are exposed to a much larger surface area because the fluids are spread out over the plates. This facilitates the transfer of heat, and greatly increases the speed of the temperature change. A plate exchanger consists of a series of parallel plates that are placed one above the other so as to allow the formation of a series of channels for fluids to flow between them. Read more Types of Plate Heat Exchanger Double pipe heat exchangers are the simplest exchangers used in industries. On one hand, these heat exch...

 Many heat exchangers are U-shaped to maximize tube surface and heat exchange in a confined room. A u-tube heat exchanger or let’s say a u-tube configuration also makes it simple to enter the package. There are three primary classifications of heat exchangers according to their flow arrangement. In parallel-flow heat exchangers, the two fluids enter the exchanger at the same end, and travel in parallel to one another to the other side. One of the most significant advantages of the straight tube heat exchanger is its simplicity. Straight tube exchanger is also common because of its flexibility. Straight tube exchanger allows for pure countercurrent flow within the exchanger without the need for a second one to be connected in series to the first.  About System Boiler In a fossil fuel power plant using a steam cycle for power generation, the primary heat source will be the combustion of coal, oil, or natural gas. In some cases byproduct fuel such as the carbon monoxide-rich off-...

 In this article, we will talk about boilers and heat exchangers. Then we will examine one of the types of boilers. Heat Exchanger Definition: A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between two or more fluids. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. Another example is the heat sink, which is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant. U-tube heat exchanger is a form of tube and shell heat exchanger that is used in petroleum and chemical machinery. The tube box, casing, and tube buddle are the key components of a u-tube heat exchanger. Furthermore, drying is simple following the hydro test of the u-tube heat exchanger. read more Boiler Definition: A boiler is a closed vessel in which fluid (generally water) is heated. The fluid does not necessarily boil. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heati...

 In the previous article we talked about Thermal Expansion Valves, Steam Condenser and Thermal Insulation. In this article we will talk about their types and different parts. Steam Condenser The purpose of using a steam condenser is: helping keep the pressure low (below atmospheric pressure) at the steam turbine end to get maximum possible energy and reduce the specific steam consumption of a power plant. supplying pure feed water to and from the hot well. The water is again pumped to the boiler using a boiler feed pump. The steam turbine itself is a device to convert the heat in steam to mechanical power. The difference between the heat of steam per unit mass at the inlet to the turbine and the heat of steam per unit mass at the outlet from the turbine represents the heat which is converted to mechanical power. Thermal Expansion Valves Inside the Thermal expansion valve, you will typically find the following main components: The valve body: It holds the components and has an orifi...

 In this post, we will talk to you about 3 important industrial parts. Thermal Expansion Valves, Thermal Insulation and Steam Condenser. Each of these components has important functions. Join us to talk about each in detail. Steam condenser Steam condenser is a commonly used term for a water-cooled shell and tube heat exchanger installed to condense exhaust steam from a steam turbine in thermal power stations.The pressure within a steam condenser is held below the atmospheric pressure to enhance efficiency. more information Thermal expansion valves A thermal expansion valve or thermostatic expansion valve  is a component in vapor-compression refrigeration and air conditioning systems that controls the amount of refrigerant released into the evaporator and is intended to regulate the superheat of the refrigerant that flows out of the evaporator to a steady value. When the load on the evaporator increases, it causes the liquid refrigerant to boil faster in the evaporator...

 A distribution transformer or service transformer is a transformer that provides the final voltage transformation in the electric power distribution system, stepping down the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level used by the customer. The invention of a practical efficient transformer made AC power distribution feasible; a system using distribution transformers was demonstrated as early as 1882. Current transformers, along with voltage or potential transformers, are instrument transformers. Instrument transformers scale the large values of voltage or current to small, standardized values that are easy to handle for measuring instruments and protective relays. The instrument transformers isolate measurement or protection circuits from the high voltage of the primary system. A single phase transformer is an electrical instrument that uses single-phase AC input and provides single-phase AC. This is employed in the distribution of energy in non-urban regions as the overa...

 We have talked about transformers in previous articles. In this article, we are going to talk about current transformer, distribution transformer and single phase transformer . Stay with us. Distribution transformer A distribution transformer or service transformer is a transformer that provides the final voltage transformation in the electric power distribution system, stepping down the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level used by the customer. Normally, a distribution transformer level is less than 200MVA, while some national norms can allow for ratings up to 5000 MVA to be known as distribution transformers. If the level is more than 200MVA (or 5000MVA in some regions), it’s introduced as a power transformer. current transformer A current transformer (CT) is a type of transformer that is used to reduce or multiply an alternating current (AC). It produces a current in its secondary which is proportional to the current in its primary. Based on this form of conf...

 A transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another circuit or multiple circuits. A varying current in any one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a varying electromotive force across any other coils wound around the same core. Electrical energy can be transferred between separate coils without a metallic (conductive) connection between the two circuits. Faraday's law of induction, discovered in 1831, describes the induced voltage effect in any coil due to a changing magnetic flux encircled by the coil. The working principle of a current transformer is somewhat different when measuring it with a standard voltage type of transformer. It contains two windings similar to the normal voltage transformer. Whenever AC provides throughout the primary section, then alternating magnetic flux can be produced, then AC will be stimulated across the secondary section. Any t...

 A transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another circuit or multiple circuits. A varying current in any one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a varying electromotive force across any other coils wound around the same core. Electrical energy can be transferred between separate coils without a metallic (conductive) connection between the two circuits. But what are the current transformer types ? Current transformers types are several in the market.  Bushing Current Transformer Indoor Current Transformer Outdoor Current Transformers The two most important types of transformers are Step Up and Step-Down. What is the difference between step up and step down transformer ? We first introduce each and then examine the differences between them. A Step-up Transformer is a machine that converts the low primary voltage to a high secondary voltage and steps up the...

 Renewable resources are resources that can be reused and never run out. Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy sources and solar energy is renewable energy. But is gold renewable or non-renewable? Does the solar battery that stores solar energy work at night or has a time limit? A solar panel, or photo-voltaic (PV) module, is an assembly of photo-voltaic cells mounted in a framework for installation. In 1839, the ability of some materials to create an electrical charge from light exposure was first observed by Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel. Though the premiere solar panels were too inefficient for even simple electric devices they were used as an instrument to measure light. The observation by Becquerel has not replicated again until 1873 when Willoughby Smith discovered that the charge could be caused by light hitting selenium.  Now, most solar panel systems attach to the grid and combine net metering where it’s available. Also, installing battery storage is rising increasingly....

 Solar energy is one of the useful and renewable resources and does not harm the environment. Solar energy is stored using a solar panel and converted into electrical energy. The important point is whether the do solar panels work at night ? Join us to find this answer. A solar panel, or photo-voltaic (PV) module, is an assembly of photo-voltaic cells mounted in a framework for installation. Solar panels use sunlight as a source of energy to generate direct current electricity. A collection of PV modules is called a PV panel, and a system of panels is an array. Arrays of a photovoltaic system supply solar electricity to electrical equipment. According to the facts, No! Solar panel does not generate energy at nights. Solar panels consist of photovoltaic cells that must have sunlight to produce electricity. However, that’s not the last word. Solar panels give two indirect nighttime energy answers. Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from Latin: aurum) and atomic number 7...

 In this article, we will briefly introduce 4 types of gearboxes. Helical Gearbox,  Bevel Gears, Worm Gearbox, Planetary Gearbox. Helical Gearbox  A gear is a rotating circular machine part having cut teeth or, in the case of a cogwheel or gearwheel, inserted teeth (called cogs), which mesh with another toothed part to transmit torque. A gear may also be known informally as a cog. Geared devices can change the speed, torque, and direction of a power source. Gears of different sizes produce a change in torque, creating a mechanical advantage, through their gear ratio, and thus may be considered a simple machine. The rotational speeds, and the torques, of two meshing gears differ in proportion to their diameters. The teeth on the two meshing gears all have the same shape.  Helical gears are power transmission instruments primarily utilized to reduce speed and increase torque between turning shafts. Fundamentally, they can be divided into two forms, those that transmit ...